0 - 6 Months
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- Reflexive grasp (at birth)
- Global ineffective reach for
objects (3 months)
- Voluntary grasp (3 months)
- 2 handed palmar grasp (3 months)
- 1 handed palmar grasp (5 months)
- Controlled reach (6 months)
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- Poor muscle development
- Delayed ability to play independently
- Delayed sensory development due to delayed interaction with toys and other sensory objects
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6 - 12 Months
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- Reaches, grasps, puts object in mouth
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Controlled release of objects
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Pincer grasp
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Picks things up with pincer grasp (thumb and one finger)
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Transfers object from one hand to the other
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Drops and picks up toy
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- Poor muscle development
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Delayed ability to play independently
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Delayed sensory development due to delayed interaction with toys and other sensory objects
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1 - 2 Yrs
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Builds tower of three small blocks
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Puts four rings on stick
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Places five pegs in pegboard
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Turns pages two or three at a time
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Scribbles
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Turns knobs
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Paints with whole arm movement, shifts hands, makes strokes
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Self-feeds with minimal assistance
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Able to use signing to communicate
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Brings spoon to mouth
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Holds and drinks from cup independently
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Poor development of hand and finger strength
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Delayed independent play skills
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Delayed development of self-care skills such as eating
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Delayed manipulation skills
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2 - 3 Yrs
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Strings four large beads
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Turns single pages
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Snips with scissors
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Holds crayon with thumb and fingers (not fist)
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Uses one hand consistently in most activities
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Imitates circular, vertical, horizontal strokes
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Paints with some wrist action, makes dots, lines, circular strokes
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Rolls, pounds, squeezes, and pulls play dough
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Eats without assistance
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Delayed self-care skills such as eating
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Delayed pre-writing skills development
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Delayed manipulation of small objects such as toys, pencils and scissors
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Frustration when manipulating small toys and objects
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3 - 4 Yrs
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Builds tower of nine small blocks
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Copies circle
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Imitates cross
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Manipulates clay material (rolls balls, makes snakes, cookies)
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Uses non dominant hand to assist and stabilize the use of objects
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Snips paper using scissors
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Delayed pre-writing skills development
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Frustration and/or avoidance of pencil based tasks
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Poor pencil grasp and pencil control
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Poor self-care skills such as eating
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Delayed drawing skills
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4 - 5 Yrs
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Cuts on line continuously
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Copies cross
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Copies square
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Writes name
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Writes numbers 1-5
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Copies letters
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Handedness well established
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Dresses and undresses independently
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Difficulties holding and manipulating a pencil
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Difficulties learning to write name and other letters of the alphabet Dependence on caregivers for every day activities such as dressing
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Frustration and/or avoidance of pencil based tasks
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5 - 6 Yrs
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Cuts out simple shapes
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Copies triangle
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Colors within lines
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Uses a 3 fingered grasp of pencil and uses fingers to generate movement
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Pastes and glues appropriately
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Can draw basic pictures
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Difficulties learning to form letters correctly
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Poor handwriting
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Difficulties demonstrating academic ability on paper
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Fatigue during pencil based tasks
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Frustration and/or avoidance of pencil based tasks
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6 - 7 Yrs
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Forms most letters and numbers correctly
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Writes consistently on the lines
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Demonstrates controlled pencil movement
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Good endurance for writing
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Can build Lego, knex and other blocks independently
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Tie Shoe Laces
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Difficulties getting ideas down on paper
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Experiencing fatigue during handwriting tasks
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Difficulty keeping up in class due to slow handwriting speed
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Poor legibility of handwriting
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May impact on self-esteem when comparing work to peers
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Possible frustration and/or behavior difficulties due to avoidance of pencil based tasks
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7 - 8 Yrs
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Maintains legibility of handwriting for entirety of a story
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Difficulty completing handwriting tasks in a timely manner
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Experiencing fatigue during handwriting tasks
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Poor academic achievement due to difficulty getting ideas down on paper
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Difficulties due to avoidance of pencil based tasks
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