0 - 6 Months
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- Rolls over front to back and back to front
- Sits with support and then independently
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- Poor muscle development for locomotion
- Delayed ability to play independently
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6 - 12 Months
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- Crawls forwards on belly
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Assumes a seated position unaided
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Creeps on hands and knees
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Transitions into different positions: sitting, all fours, lying on tummy
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Pulls self to stand
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Walks while holding onto furniture
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Takes 2-3 steps without support
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Rolls a ball in imitation of an adult
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- Delayed sensory development due to delayed interaction with toys and other sensory objects
- Poor muscle development
- Delayed play skills
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18 months
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Sits, crawls, walks
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Still has wide gait but walking/running is less clumsy
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Pushes against a ball (does not actually kick it)
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Delayed play skills
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Difficulty interacting with the environment due to delayed ability to mobilize effectively
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Poor muscle development
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2 years
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Walks smoothly and turns corners
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Begins running
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Is able to pull or carry a toy while walking
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Climbs onto/down from furniture without assistance
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Walks up and down steps with support
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Picks up toys from the floor without falling over
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Poor muscle development for running and jumping
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Delayed ability to play independently and interact with the environment
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Decreased ability to interact socially
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3 years
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Imitates standing on one foot
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Imitates simple bilateral movements of limbs (e.g., arms up together)
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Climbs jungle gym and ladders
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Pedals on tricycle
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Walks up/down stairs alternating feet
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Jumps in place with two feet together
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Able to walk on tip toes
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Catches using body
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Decreased opportunities for social interaction
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Poor development of body awareness and movement planning skills
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Difficulties using playground equipment
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Difficulties or lack of confidence
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Difficulties or lack of confidence interacting with other children in active environments (e.g. play cafes, playgrounds)
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4 years
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Stands on one foot for up to 5 seconds
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Kicks a ball forwards
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Throws a ball overarm
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Catches a ball that has been bounced
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Runs around obstacles
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Able to walk on a line
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Able to hop on one foot
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Jumps over an object and lands with both feet together
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Lack of confidence in movement based activities
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Difficulties using playground equipment
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Difficulties or lack of confidence interacting with other children in active environments (e.g. play cafes, playgrounds)
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5 years
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Able to walk up stairs while holding an object
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Walks backward toe-heel
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Jumps forward 10 times without falling
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Skips forwards after demonstration
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Hangs from a bar for at least 5 seconds
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Steps forward with leg on same side as throwing arm when throwing a ball
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Catches a small ball using hands only
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May result in poor self-esteem when comparing self to peers
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Lack of confidence in movement based activities
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Difficulties participating in sporting activities
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Difficulties playing with moving toys such as bikes and scooters
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6 years
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Runs lightly on toes
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Able to walk on a balance beam
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Able to skip using a skipping rope
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Can cover 2 meters hopping
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Demonstrates mature throwing and catching patterns
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Mature jumping
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Difficulty participating in sporting activities
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May result in poor self-esteem when comparing self to peers
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Lack of confidence in movement based activities
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